Since the advent of widescreen television, a similar process removes large chunks from the top & bottom to make a standard 4:3 image fit a 16:9 one, losing 25 percent of the original image. Without this, widescreen reproduction, especially for television broadcasting, is dependent upon a variety of soft matting techniques such as letterboxing, which involves varying degrees of image cropping (see figures 2, 3 and 4). Anamorphic optics (such as Panavision lenses) produce a full-frame, horizontally compressed image from which broadcasters and projectionists can matte a number of alternative aspect ratios without cropping relevant image detail. Rather than cropping, the cinematographer usually uses mattes to increase the latitude for alternative aspect ratios in projection and broadcast. 2).Ĭoncerns about aspect ratios are a major issue in filmmaking. In certain circumstances, film footage may be cropped to change it from one aspect ratio to another, without stretching the image or filling the blank spaces with letterbox bars (fig. Neither of these formats is cropped as such, but rather they are products of highly specialized optical configurations and camera designs.Ĭropping in order to emphasize the subject: A cropping made by trimming off the top and bottom margins of a photograph, or a film, produces a view that mimics the panoramic format (in photography) or the widescreen format in cinematography and broadcasting. It is considered one of the few editing actions permissible in modern photojournalism along with tonal balance, color correction and sharpening. In telephoto photography, most commonly in avian and aviation photography, an image is cropped to magnify the primary subject and further reduce the angle of view-when a lens of sufficient focal length to achieve the desired magnification directly was not available. Cropping is one of the most basic photo manipulation processes, and it is carried out to remove an unwanted object or irrelevant noise from the periphery of a photograph, to change its aspect ratio, or to improve the overall composition. In the printing, graphic design and photography industries, cropping is the removal of unwanted areas from the periphery of a photographic or illustrated image. In photography, print, and design Ĭropped version, accentuating the subject The process of cropping is common to the photographic, film processing, broadcasting, graphic design, and printing businesses. Depending on the application, this can be performed on a physical photograph, artwork, or film footage, or it can be achieved digitally by using image editing software. The process usually consists of the removal of some of the peripheral areas of an image to remove extraneous trash from the picture, to improve its framing, to change the aspect ratio, or to accentuate or isolate the subject matter from its background. JSTOR ( October 2008) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Ĭropping is the removal of unwanted outer areas from a photographic or illustrated image.Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Permanent tattoos are acceptable for passport purposes as well.This article needs additional citations for verification. You can wear jewelry and keep on your facial piercings as long as they do not hide your face.You cannot wear headphones or wireless hands-free devices.
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Your full face must be visible and your hat or head covering cannot cast shadows or cover up part of your face.If you wear a hat or head covering for medical purposes, submit a signed doctor's statement verifying the hat or head covering in your photo is used daily for medical purposes.
If you wear a hat or head covering for religious purposes, submit a signed statement that verifies that the hat or head covering in your photo is part of traditional religious attire worn continuously in public.You cannot wear a hat or head covering.
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